Understanding Transient Ischemic Attack
June 5, 2023 | Raquel Paz Bergia | Neurology
Transient Ischemic Attack is an attack characterized by temporary symptoms of a stroke. TIA is known as a ministroke because 1 in 3 people who experience TIA have a stroke later in life. TIA occurs when there are temporary blood clots, similar to those that occur in strokes. The symptoms are the same as a stroke but are less severe since they occur for 1 to 24 hours.
This article provides insight into the etiology (causes), physiological effects, neuropathology, and management of Transient Ischemic Attack.
Comparing Transient Ischemic Attacks and Ischemic Attacks
Ischemic Attacks are one of the most common types of strokes. These are caused by a blockage in the artery that supplies blood to the brain. Once someone has a stroke, the symptoms aren’t resolved, however, they can be treated. If not reviewed by a doctor, this could be very dangerous and deadly.
Transient Ischemic Attack has very similar symptoms to a stroke (ischemic attack), but it is different because the symptoms are self-resolved. This means that within 24 hours the patient no longer has symptoms. TIA’s can be a warning for future Ischemic Attacks, and going to a doctor may be very beneficial to ensure safety.
What are the symptoms of TIA?
The symptoms are aligned with an ischemic attack’s symptoms. These include weakness, numbness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg, typically on one side of your body, as well as slurred or garbled speech or difficulty understanding others, blindness in one or both eyes or double vision, and vertigo or loss of balance or coordination. To receive treatment for these symptoms, visiting a doctor and considering different options may help the patient feel better.
What treatments are available for TIA patients?
Medication for TIA is mainly to help prevent a future stroke. TIA is something that allows doctors to know that you are more likely to have a stroke, therefore taking these medications can prevent future strokes. Most medications include Aspirin, Anticoagulants, Blood Pressure Medications, and Statins. Moreover, some patients are recommended for a surgery called Carotid Endarterectomy. This surgery removes a small part of the artery to allow better blood flow. Going to a doctor and asking questions about each option may help reduce the risk of future strokes.
What are the causes of Transient Ischemic Attack?
TIA is caused by a temporary blood clot that forms and prevents blood from flowing to the brain. This can occur to anyone, however, some people are more prone to TIA. Hence, age, ethnicity, medical history, weight and diet, and smoking/alcohol consumption contribute to blood clot formation. There is a direct cause; many life factors cause a blood clot that creates a Transient Ischemic Attack.
Where can you find more information about TIA?
Organizations helping and supporting TIA patients also provide resources to caregivers and people interested in Transient Ischemic Attacks. Some organizations that help TIA include, but are not limited to:
- American Brain Foundation
- American Stroke Associations
- American Heart Associations
Conclusion:
Transient Ischemic Attack is a temporary stroke that occurs in patients that have a blood clot that prevents blood flow to the brain. These patients are more prone to having a stroke later in life, and therefore should follow up with a professional who can provide treatments. TIA is a very hopeful type of stroke because it provides a heads-up for future strokes.